{"id":35806,"date":"2025-09-30T12:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T11:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/?page_id=35806"},"modified":"2026-01-30T15:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T14:51:16","slug":"chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars\/","title":{"rendered":"Base qu\u00edmica de los az\u00facares C3 y C4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-1176828550\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark divided-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center flex-row medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-large flex-col text-left medium-text-center\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Fraude en la miel - Az\u00facares C3 y C4 en las pruebas de autenticidad          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col flex-right text-right medium-text-center\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Inicio<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1176828550 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mnz-header-2.jpg);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"container header-wrapper-divider\"><hr\/><\/div>  <\/div>\n  \n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1448896395\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1505733568\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>El fraude en el etiquetado de la miel es un problema mundial. Tiene consecuencias econ\u00f3micas y riesgos potenciales para la calidad de los alimentos. Por ello, es crucial disponer de m\u00e9todos de autenticaci\u00f3n fiables para salvaguardar la confianza de los consumidores y proteger las pr\u00e1cticas comerciales justas.<\/p>\n<p>El an\u00e1lisis de los az\u00facares C3 y C4 es una herramienta importante a este respecto. Estos az\u00facares est\u00e1n directamente relacionados con la v\u00eda fotosint\u00e9tica de la planta de la que proceden. Mediante el an\u00e1lisis de su proporci\u00f3n y composici\u00f3n isot\u00f3pica, no s\u00f3lo puede detectarse el fraude (adici\u00f3n de jarabes de az\u00facar), sino que tambi\u00e9n puede obtenerse informaci\u00f3n sobre la <em>origen bot\u00e1nico y geogr\u00e1fico<\/em> de miel.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los az\u00facares C3 y C4?<\/h2>\n<p>Las plantas utilizan diferentes v\u00edas de fotos\u00edntesis para convertir el di\u00f3xido de carbono en az\u00facares:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Las plantas C3 (como la remolacha azucarera, el arroz, el trigo o la cebada) producen az\u00facares con un perfil isot\u00f3pico caracter\u00edstico.<\/li>\n<li>Las plantas C4 (como la ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar y el ma\u00edz) siguen una v\u00eda de fotos\u00edntesis diferente, en la que el primer compuesto estable contiene cuatro \u00e1tomos de carbono. Sus az\u00facares son isot\u00f3picamente distintos de los de las plantas C3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Caracter\u00edstica<\/th>\n<th>Az\u00facares C3<\/th>\n<th>Az\u00facares C4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Plantas de origen<\/td>\n<td>Remolacha azucarera, arroz, trigo, cebada<\/td>\n<td>Ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar, ma\u00edz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fotos\u00edntesis<\/td>\n<td>V\u00eda C3 (3 \u00e1tomos de carbono)<\/td>\n<td>V\u00eda C4 (4 \u00e1tomos de carbono)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Adulterantes comunes<\/td>\n<td>Jarabe de arroz, jarabe de remolacha<\/td>\n<td>Jarabe de ma\u00edz (JMAF), jarabe de az\u00facar de ca\u00f1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Complejidad de la detecci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td>Se requieren m\u00e9todos m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles y avanzados<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e9todo est\u00e1ndar relativamente m\u00e1s sencillo y fiable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>M\u00e9todos de prueba de la autenticidad<\/h2>\n<p>Los m\u00e9todos anal\u00edticos tradicionales no suelen ser suficientemente sensibles para detectar el fraude de la miel. Por ello, en todo el mundo se aplican t\u00e9cnicas especializadas:<\/p>\n<h3>Az\u00facares C4: Prueba de autenticidad mediante AOAC 998.12 (EA-IRMS)<\/h3>\n<p>El m\u00e9todo internacionalmente reconocido AOAC 998.12 utiliza <em>An\u00e1lisis elemental - Espectrometr\u00eda de masas de relaci\u00f3n isot\u00f3pica (EA-IRMS)<\/em>. Esta t\u00e9cnica mide la proporci\u00f3n de is\u00f3topos de carbono (\u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C) en la miel y la compara con la fracci\u00f3n proteica. De este modo, pueden detectarse adiciones de jarabe de ca\u00f1a o de ma\u00edz. El m\u00e9todo se utiliza desde hace m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os, puede detectar adiciones tan bajas como 1% y se considera el patr\u00f3n oro para la detecci\u00f3n de az\u00facar C4.<\/p>\n<h3>Az\u00facares C3: An\u00e1lisis de autenticidad mediante FoodQS LC-HRMS<\/h3>\n<p>Los az\u00facares C3 son m\u00e1s complejos de detectar porque su perfil isot\u00f3pico es m\u00e1s parecido al de la miel natural. Por ello, FoodQS GmbH, socio exclusivo de MNZ, desarroll\u00f3 un m\u00e9todo avanzado basado en <em>LC-HRMS (Cromatograf\u00eda l\u00edquida - Espectrometr\u00eda de masas de alta resoluci\u00f3n)<\/em>. Este m\u00e9todo utiliza una amplia base de datos de muestras de jarabes y miel para distinguir con precisi\u00f3n entre los az\u00facares C3 ex\u00f3genos (a\u00f1adidos) y los componentes naturales de la miel.<\/p>\n<p>El sistema puede incluso diferenciar entre residuos traza procedentes de la alimentaci\u00f3n de las abejas y una adulteraci\u00f3n significativa, proporcionando no s\u00f3lo un resultado \"positivo\/negativo\", sino tambi\u00e9n una estimaci\u00f3n cuantitativa de la cantidad de jarabe.<\/p>\n<h2>El enfoque de MNZ<\/h2>\n<p>MNZ realiza pruebas exhaustivas de az\u00facares C3 y C4 en su miel de Manuka, tanto en Nueva Zelanda como en laboratorios independientes de Alemania. Adem\u00e1s del an\u00e1lisis de los az\u00facares, se examinan otros marcadores, como el an\u00e1lisis del polen, el gliceraldeh\u00eddo, la dihidroxiacetona (DHA) y los perfiles microbianos. Con este amplio conjunto de an\u00e1lisis, MNZ puede garantizar con seguridad la autenticidad y pureza de su miel.<\/p>\n<p>Este esfuerzo va m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las pruebas de laboratorio: MNZ colabora con expertos cient\u00edficos, autoridades reguladoras y socios como FoodQS para mejorar continuamente los m\u00e9todos. Mediante estrictos protocolos de abastecimiento y pr\u00e1cticas ap\u00edcolas sostenibles, se salvaguarda la integridad de la cadena de suministro.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p>La combinaci\u00f3n de AOAC 998.12 para los az\u00facares C4 y LC-HRMS para los az\u00facares C3 constituye una potente estrategia para detectar el fraude en la miel. Gracias a estos m\u00e9todos, combinados con controles de calidad adicionales, MNZ puede garantizar la autenticidad de su exclusiva miel de Manuka cruda y ofrecer a los consumidores de todo el mundo un producto puro y digno de confianza.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2 row-small slider row-slider slider-nav-reveal slider-nav-push\"  data-flickity-options='{&quot;imagesLoaded&quot;: true, &quot;groupCells&quot;: &quot;100%&quot;, &quot;dragThreshold&quot; : 5, &quot;cellAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,&quot;wrapAround&quot;: true,&quot;prevNextButtons&quot;: true,&quot;percentPosition&quot;: true,&quot;pageDots&quot;: false, &quot;rightToLeft&quot;: false, &quot;autoPlay&quot; : false}' >\n\n  \n\t     <div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-495 status-publish first instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-500gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Miel de Manuka MGO 400+ 500gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de deseos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-495 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"495\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:495,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-500gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Miel de Manuka MGO 400+ 500gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>90.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">IVA incl.<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=495\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_495\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"495\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ006\" aria-label=\"A\u00f1adir al carrito: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 400+ 500gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00abManuka Honey MGO 400+ 500gr.\u00bb se ha a\u00f1adido a tu carrito\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">A\u00f1adir al carrito<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_495\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-33313 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/manuka-honey-soap\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Jab\u00f3n de Miel de Manuka MGO 100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de deseos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-33313 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"33313\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:33313,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/manuka-honey-soap\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Jab\u00f3n de Miel de Manuka MGO 100<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>9.95<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">IVA incl.<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=33313\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33313\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"33313\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ200\" aria-label=\"A\u00f1adir al carrito: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 100+ Soap\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00abManuka Honey MGO 100+ Soap\u00bb se ha a\u00f1adido a tu carrito\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">A\u00f1adir al carrito<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33313\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-506 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/manuka-oil\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Aceite de Manuka 10ml. (100% aceite esencial puro) (Leptospermum scoparium)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de deseos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-506 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"506\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:506,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/manuka-oil\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Aceite de Manuka 10ml. (100% aceite esencial puro) (Leptospermum scoparium)<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>20.95<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">IVA incl.<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=506\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_506\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"506\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ203\" aria-label=\"A\u00f1adir al carrito: \u201cManuka Oil 10ml. (100% pure essential oil) (Leptospermum scoparium)\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00abManuka Oil 10ml. (100% pure essential oil) (Leptospermum scoparium)\u00bb se ha a\u00f1adido a tu carrito\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">A\u00f1adir al carrito<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_506\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-496 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/mgo-550-manuka-honey-500gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Miel de Manuka MGO 550+ 500gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de deseos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-496 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"496\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:496,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/es\/product\/mgo-550-manuka-honey-500gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Miel de Manuka MGO 550+ 500gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>125.00<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">IVA incl.<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=496\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_496\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"496\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ008\" aria-label=\"A\u00f1adir al carrito: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 550+ 500gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00abManuka Honey MGO 550+ 500gr.\u00bb se ha a\u00f1adido a tu carrito\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">A\u00f1adir al carrito<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_496\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C3 &amp; C4 Sugars in Honey \u2013 Authenticity Testing | MNZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how C3 &amp; C4 sugar analysis detects honey fraud and verifies authenticity. 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