{"id":35806,"date":"2025-09-30T12:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T11:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/?page_id=35806"},"modified":"2026-01-30T15:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T14:51:16","slug":"chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars\/","title":{"rendered":"Contexte chimique des sucres C3 et C4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-222444629\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark divided-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center flex-row medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-large flex-col text-left medium-text-center\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Fraude sur le miel - Sucres C3 et C4 dans les tests d'authenticit\u00e9          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col flex-right text-right medium-text-center\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Accueil<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-222444629 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mnz-header-2.jpg);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"container header-wrapper-divider\"><hr\/><\/div>  <\/div>\n  \n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1850774472\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1980785356\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>La fraude sur le miel, qui consiste \u00e0 falsifier ou \u00e0 mal \u00e9tiqueter des produits \u00e0 base de miel, est un probl\u00e8me mondial. Elle a des cons\u00e9quences \u00e9conomiques et pr\u00e9sente des risques potentiels pour la qualit\u00e9 des aliments. Des m\u00e9thodes d'authentification fiables sont donc essentielles pour pr\u00e9server la confiance des consommateurs et prot\u00e9ger les pratiques commerciales \u00e9quitables.<\/p>\n<p>L'analyse des sucres C3 et C4 est un outil important \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard. Ces sucres sont directement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la voie de photosynth\u00e8se de la plante dont ils proviennent. L'analyse de leur rapport et de leur composition isotopique permet non seulement de d\u00e9tecter les fraudes (ajout de sirops de sucre), mais aussi d'obtenir des informations sur le processus de photosynth\u00e8se de la plante. <em>origine botanique et g\u00e9ographique<\/em> de miel.<\/p>\n<h2>Que sont les sucres C3 et C4 ?<\/h2>\n<p>Les plantes utilisent diff\u00e9rentes voies de photosynth\u00e8se pour convertir le dioxyde de carbone en sucres :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les plantes en C3 (telles que la betterave sucri\u00e8re, le riz, le bl\u00e9, l'orge) produisent des sucres avec un profil isotopique caract\u00e9ristique.<\/li>\n<li>Les plantes en C4 (comme la canne \u00e0 sucre et le ma\u00efs) suivent une voie de photosynth\u00e8se diff\u00e9rente, o\u00f9 le premier compos\u00e9 stable contient quatre atomes de carbone. Leurs sucres sont isotopiquement diff\u00e9rents de ceux des plantes C3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Caract\u00e9ristique<\/th>\n<th>Sucres C3<\/th>\n<th>Sucres C4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Plantes sources<\/td>\n<td>Betterave \u00e0 sucre, riz, bl\u00e9, orge<\/td>\n<td>Canne \u00e0 sucre, ma\u00efs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Photosynth\u00e8se<\/td>\n<td>Voie C3 (3 atomes de carbone)<\/td>\n<td>Voie C4 (4 atomes de carbone)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Falsifications courantes<\/td>\n<td>Sirop de riz, sirop de betterave<\/td>\n<td>Sirop de ma\u00efs (HFCS), sirop de sucre de canne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Complexit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9tection<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e9thodes plus difficiles et plus avanc\u00e9es<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e9thode standard relativement plus simple et fiable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>M\u00e9thodes d'essai d'authenticit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les m\u00e9thodes analytiques traditionnelles sont souvent insuffisamment sensibles pour d\u00e9tecter la fraude au miel. C'est pourquoi des techniques sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es sont appliqu\u00e9es dans le monde entier :<\/p>\n<h3>Sucres C4 : Test d'authenticit\u00e9 selon AOAC 998.12 (EA-IRMS)<\/h3>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode AOAC 998.12, internationalement reconnue, utilise <em>Analyse \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire - Spectrom\u00e9trie de masse avec rapport isotopique (EA-IRMS)<\/em>. Cette technique permet de mesurer le rapport des isotopes du carbone (\u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C) dans le miel et la compare \u00e0 la fraction prot\u00e9ique. Cette m\u00e9thode permet de d\u00e9tecter les ajouts de sirop de canne ou de ma\u00efs. Cette m\u00e9thode, utilis\u00e9e depuis plus de 20 ans, permet de d\u00e9tecter des ajouts aussi faibles que 1% et est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l'\u00e9talon-or pour la d\u00e9tection du sucre C4.<\/p>\n<h3>Sucres C3 : Contr\u00f4le de l'authenticit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'aide de FoodQS LC-HRMS<\/h3>\n<p>Les sucres C3 sont plus complexes \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter car leur profil isotopique est plus proche de celui du miel naturel. FoodQS GmbH, partenaire exclusif de MNZ, a donc mis au point une m\u00e9thode avanc\u00e9e bas\u00e9e sur l'analyse des sucres C3. <em>LC-HRMS (chromatographie liquide - spectrom\u00e9trie de masse \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution)<\/em>. Cette m\u00e9thode utilise une vaste base de donn\u00e9es d'\u00e9chantillons de sirops et de miel pour distinguer avec pr\u00e9cision les sucres C3 exog\u00e8nes (ajout\u00e9s) des composants naturels du miel.<\/p>\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me peut m\u00eame faire la diff\u00e9rence entre des traces de r\u00e9sidus provenant de l'alimentation des abeilles et une adult\u00e9ration importante, en fournissant non seulement un r\u00e9sultat \"positif\/n\u00e9gatif\" mais aussi une estimation quantitative de la quantit\u00e9 de sirop.<\/p>\n<h2>L'approche de MNZ<\/h2>\n<p>MNZ proc\u00e8de \u00e0 des analyses approfondies des sucres C3 et C4 dans son miel de Manuka, tant en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande que dans des laboratoires ind\u00e9pendants en Allemagne. Outre l'analyse des sucres, d'autres marqueurs sont examin\u00e9s, notamment l'analyse du pollen, le glyc\u00e9rald\u00e9hyde, la dihydroxyac\u00e9tone (DHA) et les profils microbiens. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce large \u00e9ventail d'analyses, MNZ peut garantir en toute confiance l'authenticit\u00e9 et la puret\u00e9 de son miel.<\/p>\n<p>Cet effort va au-del\u00e0 des seuls tests en laboratoire : MNZ collabore avec des experts scientifiques, des autorit\u00e9s r\u00e9glementaires et des partenaires tels que FoodQS afin d'am\u00e9liorer continuellement ses m\u00e9thodes. L'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement est pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des protocoles d'approvisionnement stricts et \u00e0 des pratiques apicoles durables.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>La combinaison de l'AOAC 998.12 pour les sucres C4 et de la LC-HRMS pour les sucres C3 constitue une strat\u00e9gie puissante pour d\u00e9tecter les fraudes sur le miel. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces m\u00e9thodes, combin\u00e9es \u00e0 des contr\u00f4les de qualit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaires, MNZ peut garantir l'authenticit\u00e9 de son miel de Manuka brut unique et fournir aux consommateurs du monde entier un produit pur et digne de confiance.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2 row-small slider row-slider slider-nav-reveal slider-nav-push\"  data-flickity-options='{&quot;imagesLoaded&quot;: true, &quot;groupCells&quot;: &quot;100%&quot;, &quot;dragThreshold&quot; : 5, &quot;cellAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,&quot;wrapAround&quot;: true,&quot;prevNextButtons&quot;: true,&quot;percentPosition&quot;: true,&quot;pageDots&quot;: false, &quot;rightToLeft&quot;: false, &quot;autoPlay&quot; : false}' >\n\n  \n\t     <div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-36173 status-publish first instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/manuka-honey-mgo-50-500gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mnz-manuka-honing-mgo-50-500gr.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Miel de Manuka MGO 50+ 500gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mnz-manuka-honing-mgo-50-500gr.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mnz-manuka-honing-mgo-50-500gr-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mnz-manuka-honing-mgo-50-500gr-80x80.webp 80w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mnz-manuka-honing-mgo-50-500gr-12x12.webp 12w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/mnz-manuka-honing-mgo-50-500gr-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Liste de souhaits\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-36173 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"36173\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:36173,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/manuka-honey-mgo-50-500gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Miel de Manuka MGO 50+ 500gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>34.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">TVA incluse<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=36173\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_36173\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"36173\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ024\" aria-label=\"Ajouter au panier\u00a0: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 50+ 500gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00ab\u00a0Manuka Honey MGO 50+ 500gr.\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 votre panier\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Ajouter au panier<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_36173\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-494 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-250gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Miel de Manuka MGO 400+ 250gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Liste de souhaits\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-494 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"494\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:494,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-250gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Miel de Manuka MGO 400+ 250gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>47.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">TVA incluse<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=494\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_494\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"494\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ005\" aria-label=\"Ajouter au panier\u00a0: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 400+ 250gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00ab\u00a0Manuka Honey MGO 400+ 250gr.\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 votre panier\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Ajouter au panier<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_494\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-497 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/mgo-550-manuka-honey\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-250g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Miel de Manuka MGO 550+ 250gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-250g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-250g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-250g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Liste de souhaits\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-497 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"497\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:497,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/mgo-550-manuka-honey\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Miel de Manuka MGO 550+ 250gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>64.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">TVA incluse<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=497\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_497\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"497\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ007\" aria-label=\"Ajouter au panier\u00a0: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 550+ 250gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00ab\u00a0Manuka Honey MGO 550+ 250gr.\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 votre panier\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Ajouter au panier<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_497\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-33313 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/manuka-honey-soap\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Savon au miel de Manuka MGO 100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/manukahoney-soap-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Liste de souhaits\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-33313 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"33313\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:33313,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/fr\/product\/manuka-honey-soap\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Savon au miel de Manuka MGO 100<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>9.95<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">TVA incluse<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=33313\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33313\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"33313\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ200\" aria-label=\"Ajouter au panier\u00a0: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 100+ Soap\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u00ab\u00a0Manuka Honey MGO 100+ Soap\u00a0\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 votre panier\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Ajouter au panier<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33313\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C3 &amp; C4 Sugars in Honey \u2013 Authenticity Testing | MNZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how C3 &amp; C4 sugar analysis detects honey fraud and verifies authenticity. 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