{"id":35806,"date":"2025-09-30T12:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T11:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/?page_id=35806"},"modified":"2026-01-30T15:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T14:51:16","slug":"chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0142o chemiczne cukr\u00f3w C3 i C4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-2049974075\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark divided-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center flex-row medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-large flex-col text-left medium-text-center\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Oszustwa zwi\u0105zane z miodem - cukry C3 i C4 w testach autentyczno\u015bci          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col flex-right text-right medium-text-center\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-2049974075 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mnz-header-2.jpg);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"container header-wrapper-divider\"><hr\/><\/div>  <\/div>\n  \n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1234594188\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-544828001\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>Oszustwa zwi\u0105zane z miodem, polegaj\u0105ce na fa\u0142szowaniu lub b\u0142\u0119dnym oznakowaniu produkt\u00f3w miodowych, s\u0105 problemem globalnym. Ma to zar\u00f3wno konsekwencje ekonomiczne, jak i potencjalne ryzyko dla jako\u015bci \u017cywno\u015bci. Niezawodne metody uwierzytelniania maj\u0105 zatem kluczowe znaczenie dla ochrony zaufania konsument\u00f3w i uczciwych praktyk handlowych.<\/p>\n<p>Analiza cukr\u00f3w C3 i C4 jest wa\u017cnym narz\u0119dziem w tym zakresie. Cukry te s\u0105 bezpo\u015brednio zwi\u0105zane ze szlakiem fotosyntezy ro\u015bliny, z kt\u00f3rej pochodz\u0105. Analizuj\u0105c ich stosunek i sk\u0142ad izotopowy, mo\u017cna nie tylko wykry\u0107 oszustwo (dodanie syrop\u00f3w cukrowych), ale tak\u017ce uzyska\u0107 informacje na temat <em>pochodzenie botaniczne i geograficzne<\/em> miodu.<\/p>\n<h2>Czym s\u0105 cukry C3 i C4?<\/h2>\n<p>Ro\u015bliny wykorzystuj\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne \u015bcie\u017cki fotosyntezy do przekszta\u0142cania dwutlenku w\u0119gla w cukry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ro\u015bliny C3 (takie jak burak cukrowy, ry\u017c, pszenica, j\u0119czmie\u0144) produkuj\u0105 cukry o charakterystycznym profilu izotopowym.<\/li>\n<li>Ro\u015bliny C4 (takie jak trzcina cukrowa i kukurydza) pod\u0105\u017caj\u0105 innym szlakiem fotosyntezy, w kt\u00f3rym pierwszy stabilny zwi\u0105zek zawiera cztery atomy w\u0119gla. Ich cukry r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 izotopowo od cukr\u00f3w ro\u015blin C3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Charakterystyka<\/th>\n<th>Cukry C3<\/th>\n<th>Cukry C4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ro\u015bliny \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owe<\/td>\n<td>Buraki cukrowe, ry\u017c, pszenica, j\u0119czmie\u0144<\/td>\n<td>Trzcina cukrowa, kukurydza<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fotosynteza<\/td>\n<td>\u015acie\u017cka C3 (3 atomy w\u0119gla)<\/td>\n<td>\u015acie\u017cka C4 (4 atomy w\u0119gla)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Typowe substancje fa\u0142szuj\u0105ce<\/td>\n<td>Syrop ry\u017cowy, syrop buraczany<\/td>\n<td>Syrop kukurydziany (HFCS), syrop cukru trzcinowego<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Z\u0142o\u017cono\u015b\u0107 wykrywania<\/td>\n<td>Wymagane s\u0105 trudniejsze, zaawansowane metody<\/td>\n<td>Stosunkowo prostsza, niezawodna metoda standardowa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Metody testowania autentyczno\u015bci<\/h2>\n<p>Tradycyjne metody analityczne s\u0105 cz\u0119sto niewystarczaj\u0105co czu\u0142e, aby wykry\u0107 oszustwa zwi\u0105zane z miodem. Dlatego na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie stosuje si\u0119 specjalistyczne techniki:<\/p>\n<h3>Cukry C4: Badanie autentyczno\u015bci przy u\u017cyciu AOAC 998.12 (EA-IRMS)<\/h3>\n<p>Uznana na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie metoda AOAC 998.12 wykorzystuje <em>Analiza pierwiastkowa - spektrometria masowa izotop\u00f3w (EA-IRMS)<\/em>. Technika ta mierzy stosunek izotop\u00f3w w\u0119gla (\u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C) w miodzie i por\u00f3wnuje j\u0105 z frakcj\u0105 bia\u0142kow\u0105. W ten spos\u00f3b mo\u017cna wykry\u0107 dodatki syropu trzcinowego lub kukurydzianego. Metoda ta jest stosowana od ponad 20 lat, mo\u017ce wykrywa\u0107 dodatki tak niskie jak 1% i jest uwa\u017cana za z\u0142oty standard wykrywania cukru C4.<\/p>\n<h3>Cukry C3: Badanie autentyczno\u015bci przy u\u017cyciu FoodQS LC-HRMS<\/h3>\n<p>Cukry C3 s\u0105 bardziej skomplikowane do wykrycia, poniewa\u017c ich profil izotopowy jest bardziej zbli\u017cony do profilu naturalnego miodu. Dlatego te\u017c firma FoodQS GmbH, wy\u0142\u0105czny partner MNZ, opracowa\u0142a zaawansowan\u0105 metod\u0119 opart\u0105 na <em>LC-HRMS (chromatografia cieczowa - spektrometria masowa wysokiej rozdzielczo\u015bci)<\/em>. Metoda ta wykorzystuje obszern\u0105 baz\u0119 danych syrop\u00f3w i pr\u00f3bek miodu, aby dok\u0142adnie odr\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 egzogenne (dodane) cukry C3 od naturalnych sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w miodu.<\/p>\n<p>System mo\u017ce nawet odr\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 \u015bladowe pozosta\u0142o\u015bci z paszy dla pszcz\u00f3\u0142 od znacznego zafa\u0142szowania, zapewniaj\u0105c nie tylko wynik \"pozytywny\/negatywny\", ale tak\u017ce ilo\u015bciowe oszacowanie ilo\u015bci syropu.<\/p>\n<h2>Podej\u015bcie MNZ<\/h2>\n<p>MNZ przeprowadza szeroko zakrojone testy cukr\u00f3w C3 i C4 w swoich miodach Manuka, zar\u00f3wno w Nowej Zelandii, jak i w niezale\u017cnych laboratoriach w Niemczech. Opr\u00f3cz analizy cukr\u00f3w badane s\u0105 tak\u017ce inne markery, w tym analiza py\u0142k\u00f3w, gliceraldehyd, dihydroksyaceton (DHA) i profile mikrobiologiczne. Dzi\u0119ki temu szerokiemu zestawowi analiz MNZ mo\u017ce z ca\u0142\u0105 pewno\u015bci\u0105 zagwarantowa\u0107 autentyczno\u015b\u0107 i czysto\u015b\u0107 swojego miodu.<\/p>\n<p>Wysi\u0142ki te wykraczaj\u0105 poza same testy laboratoryjne: MNZ wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuje z ekspertami naukowymi, organami regulacyjnymi i partnerami, takimi jak FoodQS, w celu ci\u0105g\u0142ego doskonalenia metod. Dzi\u0119ki rygorystycznym protoko\u0142om zaopatrzenia i zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conym praktykom pszczelarskim chroniona jest integralno\u015b\u0107 \u0142a\u0144cucha dostaw.<\/p>\n<h2>Wnioski<\/h2>\n<p>Po\u0142\u0105czenie AOAC 998.12 dla cukr\u00f3w C4 i LC-HRMS dla cukr\u00f3w C3 tworzy skuteczn\u0105 strategi\u0119 wykrywania oszustw zwi\u0105zanych z miodem. Dzi\u0119ki tym metodom, w po\u0142\u0105czeniu z dodatkowymi kontrolami jako\u015bci, MNZ mo\u017ce zagwarantowa\u0107 autentyczno\u015b\u0107 swojego unikalnego surowego miodu Manuka i zapewni\u0107 konsumentom na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie produkt, kt\u00f3ry jest czysty i godny zaufania.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2 row-small slider row-slider slider-nav-reveal slider-nav-push\"  data-flickity-options='{&quot;imagesLoaded&quot;: true, &quot;groupCells&quot;: &quot;100%&quot;, &quot;dragThreshold&quot; : 5, &quot;cellAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,&quot;wrapAround&quot;: true,&quot;prevNextButtons&quot;: true,&quot;percentPosition&quot;: true,&quot;pageDots&quot;: false, &quot;rightToLeft&quot;: false, &quot;autoPlay&quot; : false}' >\n\n  \n\t     <div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-33316 status-publish first instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/propolis-30ml\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"P\u0142yn propolisowy (bezalkoholowy) 30ML.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista \u017cycze\u0144\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-33316 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"33316\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:33316,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/propolis-30ml\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">P\u0142yn propolisowy (bezalkoholowy) 30ML.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>25.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">z VAT<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=33316\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33316\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"33316\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ040\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do koszyka: \u201ePropolis liquid (alcohol free) 30ML.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cPropolis liquid (alcohol free) 30ML.\u201d zosta\u0142 dodany do twojego koszyka\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Dodaj do koszyka<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33316\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-506 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/manuka-oil\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Olejek Manuka 10ml. (100% czysty olejek eteryczny) (Leptospermum scoparium)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manuka-essential-oil-mnz-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista \u017cycze\u0144\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-506 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"506\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:506,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/manuka-oil\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Olejek Manuka 10ml. (100% czysty olejek eteryczny) (Leptospermum scoparium)<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>20.95<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">z VAT<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=506\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_506\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"506\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ203\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do koszyka: \u201eManuka Oil 10ml. (100% pure essential oil) (Leptospermum scoparium)\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cManuka Oil 10ml. (100% pure essential oil) (Leptospermum scoparium)\u201d zosta\u0142 dodany do twojego koszyka\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Dodaj do koszyka<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_506\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-494 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-250gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Mi\u00f3d Manuka MGO 400+ 250gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista \u017cycze\u0144\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-494 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"494\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:494,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-250gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Mi\u00f3d Manuka MGO 400+ 250gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>47.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">z VAT<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=494\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_494\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"494\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ005\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do koszyka: \u201eManuka Honey MGO 400+ 250gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cManuka Honey MGO 400+ 250gr.\u201d zosta\u0142 dodany do twojego koszyka\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Dodaj do koszyka<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_494\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-496 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/mgo-550-manuka-honey-500gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Mi\u00f3d Manuka MGO 550+ 500gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz550-500g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista \u017cycze\u0144\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-496 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"496\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:496,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pl\/product\/mgo-550-manuka-honey-500gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Mi\u00f3d Manuka MGO 550+ 500gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u20ac<\/span>125.00<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">z VAT<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=496\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_496\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"496\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ008\" aria-label=\"Dodaj do koszyka: \u201eManuka Honey MGO 550+ 500gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cManuka Honey MGO 550+ 500gr.\u201d zosta\u0142 dodany do twojego koszyka\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Dodaj do koszyka<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_496\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C3 &amp; C4 Sugars in Honey \u2013 Authenticity Testing | MNZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how C3 &amp; C4 sugar analysis detects honey fraud and verifies authenticity. 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