{"id":35806,"date":"2025-09-30T12:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T11:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/?page_id=35806"},"modified":"2026-01-30T15:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T14:51:16","slug":"chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars\/","title":{"rendered":"Composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica dos a\u00e7\u00facares C3 e C4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-1497154980\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark divided-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center flex-row medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-large flex-col text-left medium-text-center\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Fraude no mel - A\u00e7\u00facares C3 e C4 no teste de autenticidade          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col flex-right text-right medium-text-center\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">In\u00edcio<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1497154980 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mnz-header-2.jpg);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"container header-wrapper-divider\"><hr\/><\/div>  <\/div>\n  \n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1599378137\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1007613999\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>A fraude no mel, em que os produtos de mel s\u00e3o adulterados ou incorretamente rotulados, \u00e9 um problema mundial. Tem consequ\u00eancias econ\u00f3micas e riscos potenciais para a qualidade dos alimentos. Os m\u00e9todos de autentica\u00e7\u00e3o fi\u00e1veis s\u00e3o, por conseguinte, cruciais para salvaguardar a confian\u00e7a dos consumidores e proteger as pr\u00e1ticas comerciais leais.<\/p>\n<p>A an\u00e1lise dos a\u00e7\u00facares C3 e C4 \u00e9 uma ferramenta importante neste dom\u00ednio. Estes a\u00e7\u00facares est\u00e3o diretamente ligados \u00e0 via fotossint\u00e9tica da planta de onde prov\u00eam. A an\u00e1lise do seu r\u00e1cio e da sua composi\u00e7\u00e3o isot\u00f3pica permite n\u00e3o s\u00f3 detetar fraudes (adi\u00e7\u00e3o de xaropes de a\u00e7\u00facar), mas tamb\u00e9m obter informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a <em>origem bot\u00e2nica e geogr\u00e1fica<\/em> de mel.<\/p>\n<h2>O que s\u00e3o os a\u00e7\u00facares C3 e C4?<\/h2>\n<p>As plantas utilizam diferentes vias de fotoss\u00edntese para converter o di\u00f3xido de carbono em a\u00e7\u00facares:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As plantas C3 (como a beterraba sacarina, o arroz, o trigo e a cevada) produzem a\u00e7\u00facares com um perfil isot\u00f3pico carater\u00edstico.<\/li>\n<li>As plantas C4 (como a cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar e o milho) seguem uma via de fotoss\u00edntese diferente, em que o primeiro composto est\u00e1vel cont\u00e9m quatro \u00e1tomos de carbono. Os seus a\u00e7\u00facares s\u00e3o isotopicamente distintos dos das plantas C3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Carater\u00edstica<\/th>\n<th>A\u00e7\u00facares C3<\/th>\n<th>A\u00e7\u00facares C4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Plantas de origem<\/td>\n<td>Beterraba sacarina, arroz, trigo, cevada<\/td>\n<td>Cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar, milho<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fotoss\u00edntese<\/td>\n<td>Via C3 (3 \u00e1tomos de carbono)<\/td>\n<td>Via C4 (4 \u00e1tomos de carbono)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Adulterantes comuns<\/td>\n<td>Xarope de arroz, xarope de beterraba<\/td>\n<td>Xarope de milho (HFCS), xarope de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Complexidade da dete\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>Mais dif\u00edcil, s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios m\u00e9todos avan\u00e7ados<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e9todo padr\u00e3o relativamente mais simples e fi\u00e1vel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>M\u00e9todos de controlo da autenticidade<\/h2>\n<p>Os m\u00e9todos anal\u00edticos tradicionais s\u00e3o muitas vezes insuficientemente sens\u00edveis para detetar a fraude no mel. Por conseguinte, s\u00e3o aplicadas t\u00e9cnicas especializadas em todo o mundo:<\/p>\n<h3>A\u00e7\u00facares C4: Teste de autenticidade usando AOAC 998.12 (EA-IRMS)<\/h3>\n<p>O m\u00e9todo AOAC 998.12, reconhecido internacionalmente, utiliza <em>An\u00e1lise Elementar - Espectrometria de Massa de R\u00e1cio Isot\u00f3pico (EA-IRMS)<\/em>. Esta t\u00e9cnica mede o r\u00e1cio dos is\u00f3topos de carbono (\u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C) no mel e compara-o com a fra\u00e7\u00e3o proteica. Desta forma, podem ser detectadas adi\u00e7\u00f5es de xarope de cana ou de milho. O m\u00e9todo \u00e9 utilizado h\u00e1 mais de 20 anos, pode detetar adi\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e3o baixas como 1% e \u00e9 considerado como o padr\u00e3o de ouro para a dete\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7\u00facar C4.<\/p>\n<h3>A\u00e7\u00facares C3: Rastreio de autenticidade utilizando FoodQS LC-HRMS<\/h3>\n<p>Os a\u00e7\u00facares C3 s\u00e3o mais complexos de detetar porque o seu perfil isot\u00f3pico \u00e9 mais pr\u00f3ximo do do mel natural. A FoodQS GmbH, parceira exclusiva da MNZ, desenvolveu, portanto, um m\u00e9todo avan\u00e7ado baseado em <em>LC-HRMS (Cromatografia L\u00edquida - Espectrometria de Massa de Alta Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/em>. Este m\u00e9todo utiliza uma extensa base de dados de xaropes e amostras de mel para distinguir com precis\u00e3o entre a\u00e7\u00facares C3 ex\u00f3genos (adicionados) e componentes naturais do mel.<\/p>\n<p>O sistema pode mesmo distinguir entre vest\u00edgios de res\u00edduos provenientes da alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o das abelhas e adultera\u00e7\u00f5es significativas, fornecendo n\u00e3o s\u00f3 um resultado \"positivo\/negativo\" mas tamb\u00e9m uma estimativa quantitativa da quantidade de xarope.<\/p>\n<h2>A abordagem da MNZ<\/h2>\n<p>A MNZ efectua testes exaustivos aos a\u00e7\u00facares C3 e C4 no seu mel de Manuka, tanto na Nova Zel\u00e2ndia como em laborat\u00f3rios independentes na Alemanha. Para al\u00e9m da an\u00e1lise do a\u00e7\u00facar, s\u00e3o examinados outros marcadores, incluindo a an\u00e1lise do p\u00f3len, gliceralde\u00eddo, dihidroxiacetona (DHA) e perfis microbianos. Com este vasto conjunto de an\u00e1lises, a MNZ pode garantir com confian\u00e7a a autenticidade e a pureza do seu mel.<\/p>\n<p>Este esfor\u00e7o vai para al\u00e9m dos testes laboratoriais isolados: A MNZ colabora com peritos cient\u00edficos, autoridades reguladoras e parceiros como a FoodQS para melhorar continuamente os m\u00e9todos. Atrav\u00e9s de protocolos de fornecimento rigorosos e pr\u00e1ticas de apicultura sustent\u00e1veis, a integridade da cadeia de abastecimento \u00e9 salvaguardada.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>A combina\u00e7\u00e3o do AOAC 998.12 para os a\u00e7\u00facares C4 e do LC-HRMS para os a\u00e7\u00facares C3 constitui uma estrat\u00e9gia poderosa para a dete\u00e7\u00e3o de fraudes no mel. Gra\u00e7as a estes m\u00e9todos, combinados com controlos de qualidade adicionais, a MNZ pode garantir a autenticidade do seu mel de Manuka cru \u00fanico e fornecer aos consumidores de todo o mundo um produto puro e de confian\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2 row-small slider row-slider slider-nav-reveal slider-nav-push\"  data-flickity-options='{&quot;imagesLoaded&quot;: true, &quot;groupCells&quot;: &quot;100%&quot;, &quot;dragThreshold&quot; : 5, &quot;cellAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,&quot;wrapAround&quot;: true,&quot;prevNextButtons&quot;: true,&quot;percentPosition&quot;: true,&quot;pageDots&quot;: false, &quot;rightToLeft&quot;: false, &quot;autoPlay&quot; : false}' >\n\n  \n\t     <div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-494 status-publish first instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-250gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Mel de Manuka MGO 400+ 250gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-250g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de desejos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-494 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"494\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:494,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-250gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Mel de Manuka MGO 400+ 250gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>47.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">incl. IVA<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=494\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_494\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"494\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ005\" aria-label=\"Adiciona ao carrinho: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 400+ 250gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cManuka Honey MGO 400+ 250gr.\u201d foi adicionado ao seu carrinho\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Adicionar<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_494\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-470 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/mgo-100-manuka-honey-500gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz100-500g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Mel de Manuka MGO 100+ 500gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz100-500g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz100-500g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz100-500g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de desejos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-470 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"470\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:470,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/mgo-100-manuka-honey-500gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Mel de Manuka MGO 100+ 500gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>59.00<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">incl. IVA<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=470\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_470\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"470\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ002\" aria-label=\"Adiciona ao carrinho: \u201cManuka Honey MGO 100+ 500gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cManuka Honey MGO 100+ 500gr.\u201d foi adicionado ao seu carrinho\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Adicionar<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_470\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-33317 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/mgo-1500-manuka-honey-250gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz1500-250g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"MGO 1500+ Mel de Manuka 250gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz1500-250g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz1500-250g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz1500-250g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de desejos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-33317 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"33317\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:33317,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/mgo-1500-manuka-honey-250gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">MGO 1500+ Mel de Manuka 250gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>295.00<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">incl. IVA<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=33317\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33317\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"33317\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ023\" aria-label=\"Adiciona ao carrinho: \u201cMGO 1500+ Manuka Honey 250gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cMGO 1500+ Manuka Honey 250gr.\u201d foi adicionado ao seu carrinho\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Adicionar<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33317\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-34243 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/kanuka-essential-oil\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kanuka-essential-oil.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"\u00d3leo de Kanuka (100% \u00f3leo essencial puro) (Kunzea ericoides)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kanuka-essential-oil.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kanuka-essential-oil-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kanuka-essential-oil-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"Lista de desejos\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-34243 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"34243\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:34243,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/pt\/product\/kanuka-essential-oil\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">\u00d3leo de Kanuka (100% \u00f3leo essencial puro) (Kunzea ericoides)<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>29.95<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">incl. IVA<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=34243\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_34243\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"34243\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ204\" aria-label=\"Adiciona ao carrinho: \u201cKanuka Oil (100% essential pure oil) (Kunzea ericoides)\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"\u201cKanuka Oil (100% essential pure oil) (Kunzea ericoides)\u201d foi adicionado ao seu carrinho\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">Adicionar<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_34243\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C3 &amp; C4 Sugars in Honey \u2013 Authenticity Testing | MNZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how C3 &amp; C4 sugar analysis detects honey fraud and verifies authenticity. 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