{"id":35806,"date":"2025-09-30T12:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T11:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/?page_id=35806"},"modified":"2026-01-30T15:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T14:51:16","slug":"chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars\/","title":{"rendered":"Kemisk bakgrund f\u00f6r C3- och C4-socker"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-header-1252406977\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark divided-title\">\n\n        <div class=\"page-title-bg\">\n      <div class=\"title-bg fill bg-fill\"\n        data-parallax-container=\".page-title\"\n        data-parallax-background\n data-parallax=\"-\">\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"title-overlay fill\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center flex-row medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-large flex-col text-left medium-text-center\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Honungsbedr\u00e4geri - C3- och C4-socker i \u00e4kthetstest          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col flex-right text-right medium-text-center\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><nav class=\"woocommerce-breadcrumb breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\">Hem<\/nav><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1252406977 .title-bg {\n  background-image: url(https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/mnz-header-2.jpg);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"container header-wrapper-divider\"><hr\/><\/div>  <\/div>\n  \n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1690615938\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-878662459\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>Honungsbedr\u00e4gerier, d\u00e4r honungsprodukter f\u00f6rfalskas eller m\u00e4rks fel, \u00e4r ett globalt problem. Det har b\u00e5de ekonomiska konsekvenser och potentiella risker f\u00f6r livsmedelskvaliteten. Tillf\u00f6rlitliga autentiseringsmetoder \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r avg\u00f6rande f\u00f6r att v\u00e4rna om konsumenternas f\u00f6rtroende och skydda r\u00e4ttvisa handelsmetoder.<\/p>\n<p>Analysen av C3- och C4-socker \u00e4r ett viktigt verktyg i detta avseende. Dessa sockerarter \u00e4r direkt kopplade till fotosyntesen i den v\u00e4xt som de kommer fr\u00e5n. Genom att analysera deras f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande och isotopiska sammans\u00e4ttning kan inte bara bedr\u00e4geri (tillsats av sockersirap) uppt\u00e4ckas, utan information kan ocks\u00e5 erh\u00e5llas om <em>botaniskt och geografiskt ursprung<\/em> av honung.<\/p>\n<h2>Vad \u00e4r C3- och C4-socker?<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00e4xter anv\u00e4nder olika fotosyntesv\u00e4gar f\u00f6r att omvandla koldioxid till sockerarter:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C3-v\u00e4xter (t.ex. sockerbetor, ris, vete och korn) producerar sockerarter med en karakteristisk isotopprofil.<\/li>\n<li>C4-v\u00e4xter (t.ex. sockerr\u00f6r och majs) f\u00f6ljer en annan fotosyntesv\u00e4g, d\u00e4r den f\u00f6rsta stabila f\u00f6reningen inneh\u00e5ller fyra kolatomer. Deras sockerarter \u00e4r isotopiskt skilda fr\u00e5n C3-v\u00e4xternas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Karakt\u00e4ristisk<\/th>\n<th>C3 sockerarter<\/th>\n<th>C4-socker<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>K\u00e4llanl\u00e4ggningar<\/td>\n<td>Sockerbetor, ris, vete, korn<\/td>\n<td>Sockerr\u00f6r, majs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fotosyntesen<\/td>\n<td>C3-v\u00e4g (3 kolatomer)<\/td>\n<td>C4-v\u00e4g (4 kolatomer)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vanliga f\u00f6rfalsknings\u00e4mnen<\/td>\n<td>Rissirap, sockerbetssirap<\/td>\n<td>Majssirap (HFCS), sirap av r\u00f6rsocker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Komplexitet vid detektering<\/td>\n<td>Sv\u00e5rare, avancerade metoder kr\u00e4vs<\/td>\n<td>Relativt enkel, tillf\u00f6rlitlig standardmetod<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Testmetoder f\u00f6r \u00e4kthet<\/h2>\n<p>Traditionella analysmetoder \u00e4r ofta otillr\u00e4ckligt k\u00e4nsliga f\u00f6r att uppt\u00e4cka honungsbedr\u00e4gerier. Specialiserade tekniker anv\u00e4nds d\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00f6ver hela v\u00e4rlden:<\/p>\n<h3>C4 sockerarter: \u00c4kthetskontroll med hj\u00e4lp av AOAC 998.12 (EA-IRMS)<\/h3>\n<p>Den internationellt erk\u00e4nda AOAC 998.12-metoden anv\u00e4nder <em>Elementaranalys - masspektrometri med isotopf\u00f6rh\u00e5llande (EA-IRMS)<\/em>. Denna teknik m\u00e4ter f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandet mellan kolisotoper (\u03b4<sup>13<\/sup>C) i honung och j\u00e4mf\u00f6r den med proteinfraktionen. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan tillsatser av sockerr\u00f6rs- eller majssirap uppt\u00e4ckas. Metoden har anv\u00e4nts i mer \u00e4n 20 \u00e5r, kan detektera tillsatser s\u00e5 l\u00e5ga som 1% och anses vara guldstandarden f\u00f6r detektering av C4-socker.<\/p>\n<h3>C3 sockerarter: \u00c4kthetsscreening med hj\u00e4lp av FoodQS LC-HRMS<\/h3>\n<p>C3-socker \u00e4r sv\u00e5rare att uppt\u00e4cka eftersom deras isotopiska profil ligger n\u00e4rmare den hos naturlig honung. FoodQS GmbH, exklusiv partner till MNZ, har d\u00e4rf\u00f6r utvecklat en avancerad metod baserad p\u00e5 <em>LC-HRMS (v\u00e4tskekromatografi - h\u00f6guppl\u00f6st masspektrometri)<\/em>. Denna metod anv\u00e4nder en omfattande databas med sirap- och honungsprover f\u00f6r att exakt skilja mellan exogena (tillsatta) C3-socker och naturliga honungskomponenter.<\/p>\n<p>Systemet kan till och med skilja mellan sp\u00e5rrester fr\u00e5n bi-foder och betydande f\u00f6rfalskning, vilket inte bara ger ett \"positivt\/negativt\" resultat utan ocks\u00e5 en kvantitativ uppskattning av m\u00e4ngden sirap.<\/p>\n<h2>MNZ:s tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt<\/h2>\n<p>MNZ genomf\u00f6r omfattande tester av b\u00e5de C3- och C4-socker i sin Manukahonung, b\u00e5de p\u00e5 Nya Zeeland och vid oberoende laboratorier i Tyskland. F\u00f6rutom sockeranalys unders\u00f6ks ytterligare mark\u00f6rer, inklusive pollenanalys, glyceraldehyd, dihydroxyaceton (DHA) och mikrobiella profiler. Med denna breda upps\u00e4ttning analyser kan MNZ med s\u00e4kerhet garantera \u00e4ktheten och renheten hos sin honung.<\/p>\n<p>Detta arbete str\u00e4cker sig l\u00e4ngre \u00e4n enbart laboratorietester: MNZ samarbetar med vetenskapliga experter, tillsynsmyndigheter och partners som FoodQS f\u00f6r att kontinuerligt f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra metoderna. Genom strikta ink\u00f6psprotokoll och h\u00e5llbara biodlingsmetoder s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lls leveranskedjans integritet.<\/p>\n<h2>Slutsats<\/h2>\n<p>Kombinationen av AOAC 998.12 f\u00f6r C4-socker och LC-HRMS f\u00f6r C3-socker utg\u00f6r en kraftfull strategi f\u00f6r att uppt\u00e4cka bedr\u00e4gerier med honung. Tack vare dessa metoder, i kombination med ytterligare kvalitetskontroller, kan MNZ garantera \u00e4ktheten hos sin unika r\u00e5a Manukahonung och f\u00f6rse konsumenter \u00f6ver hela v\u00e4rlden med en produkt som \u00e4r ren och p\u00e5litlig.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\n  \n    <div class=\"row large-columns-4 medium-columns-3 small-columns-2 row-small slider row-slider slider-nav-reveal slider-nav-push\"  data-flickity-options='{&quot;imagesLoaded&quot;: true, &quot;groupCells&quot;: &quot;100%&quot;, &quot;dragThreshold&quot; : 5, &quot;cellAlign&quot;: &quot;left&quot;,&quot;wrapAround&quot;: true,&quot;prevNextButtons&quot;: true,&quot;percentPosition&quot;: true,&quot;pageDots&quot;: false, &quot;rightToLeft&quot;: false, &quot;autoPlay&quot; : false}' >\n\n  \n\t     <div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-495 status-publish first instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-500gr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Manuka Honung MGO 400+ 500gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz400-500g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"\u00d6nskelista\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-495 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"495\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:495,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/mgo-400-manuka-honey-500gr\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Manuka Honung MGO 400+ 500gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>90.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">inkl. moms<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=495\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_495\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"495\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ006\" aria-label=\"L\u00e4gg till i varukorgen: \u201dManuka Honey MGO 400+ 500gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"&quot;Manuka Honey MGO 400+ 500gr.&quot; har lagts till i din varukorg\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">L\u00e4gg till i varukorg<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_495\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-33315 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/mgo-250-manuka-honey\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz250-250g-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Manukahonung MGO 250+ 250gr.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz250-250g-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz250-250g-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/manukahoney-mnz250-250g-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"\u00d6nskelista\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-33315 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"33315\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:33315,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/mgo-250-manuka-honey\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Manukahonung MGO 250+ 250gr.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>40.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">inkl. moms<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=33315\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33315\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"33315\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ003\" aria-label=\"L\u00e4gg till i varukorgen: \u201dManuka Honey MGO 250+ 250gr.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"&quot;Manuka Honey MGO 250+ 250gr.&quot; har lagts till i din varukorg\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">L\u00e4gg till i varukorg<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33315\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-33316 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/propolis-30ml\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Propolisv\u00e4tska (alkoholfri) 30ML.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/propolis-liquid-mnz-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"\u00d6nskelista\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-33316 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"33316\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:33316,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/propolis-30ml\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Propolisv\u00e4tska (alkoholfri) 30ML.<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>25.50<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">inkl. moms<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=33316\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33316\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"33316\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ040\" aria-label=\"L\u00e4gg till i varukorgen: \u201dPropolis liquid (alcohol free) 30ML.\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"&quot;Propolis liquid (alcohol free) 30ML.&quot; har lagts till i din varukorg\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">L\u00e4gg till i varukorg<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_33316\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"product-small col has-hover product type-product post-26902 status-publish instock product_cat-mnz-products has-post-thumbnail taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\">\n\t<div class=\"col-inner\">\n\t\n<div class=\"badge-container absolute left top z-1\">\n\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"product-small box\">\n\t\t<div class=\"box-image\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/toothpaste-manuka-honey\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/manuka-honing-propolis-tandpasta.webp\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" alt=\"Tandkr\u00e4m med manukahonung, propolis och manukaolja\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/manuka-honing-propolis-tandpasta.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/manuka-honing-propolis-tandpasta-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/manuka-honing-propolis-tandpasta-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small top right show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-icon\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"wishlist-button button is-outline circle icon\" aria-label=\"\u00d6nskelista\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"icon-heart\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wishlist-popup dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div\n\tclass=\"yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist add-to-wishlist-26902 yith-wcwl-add-to-wishlist--link-style wishlist-fragment on-first-load\"\n\tdata-fragment-ref=\"26902\"\n\tdata-fragment-options=\"{&quot;base_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;product_id&quot;:26902,&quot;parent_product_id&quot;:0,&quot;product_type&quot;:&quot;simple&quot;,&quot;is_single&quot;:false,&quot;in_default_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_view&quot;:false,&quot;browse_wishlist_text&quot;:&quot;Browse wishlist&quot;,&quot;already_in_wishslist_text&quot;:&quot;The product is already in your wishlist!&quot;,&quot;product_added_text&quot;:&quot;Product added!&quot;,&quot;available_multi_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;disable_wishlist&quot;:false,&quot;show_count&quot;:false,&quot;ajax_loading&quot;:false,&quot;loop_position&quot;:&quot;after_add_to_cart&quot;,&quot;item&quot;:&quot;add_to_wishlist&quot;}\"\n>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools is-small hide-for-small bottom left show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image-tools grid-tools text-center hide-for-small bottom hover-slide-in show-on-hover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"box-text box-text-products text-center grid-style-2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"title-wrapper\"><p class=\"name product-title woocommerce-loop-product__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/product\/toothpaste-manuka-honey\/\" class=\"woocommerce-LoopProduct-link woocommerce-loop-product__link\">Tandkr\u00e4m med manukahonung, propolis och manukaolja<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"price-wrapper\">\n\t<span class=\"price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\">\u20ac<\/span>11.95<\/bdi><\/span> <small class=\"woocommerce-price-suffix\">inkl. moms<\/small><\/span>\n<\/div><div class=\"add-to-cart-button\"><a href=\"\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35806?add-to-cart=26902\" aria-describedby=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_26902\" data-quantity=\"1\" class=\"primary is-small mb-0 button product_type_simple add_to_cart_button ajax_add_to_cart is-outline\" data-product_id=\"26902\" data-product_sku=\"MNZ201\" aria-label=\"L\u00e4gg till i varukorgen: \u201dManuka Honey, Propolis &amp; Manuka Oil Toothpaste\u201d\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-success_message=\"&quot;Manuka Honey, Propolis &amp; Manuka Oil Toothpaste&quot; har lagts till i din varukorg\" role=\"button\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-trp-gettext=\"\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\" data-no-translation-data-success_message=\"\">L\u00e4gg till i varukorg<\/a><\/div>\t<span id=\"woocommerce_loop_add_to_cart_link_describedby_26902\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C3 &amp; C4 Sugars in Honey \u2013 Authenticity Testing | MNZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how C3 &amp; C4 sugar analysis detects honey fraud and verifies authenticity. Discover MNZ\u2019s advanced LC-HRMS and AOAC methods for pure Manuka honey.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.manukanewzealand.eu\/sv\/chemical-background-c3-c4-sugars\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C3 &amp; C4 Sugars in Honey \u2013 Authenticity Testing | MNZ\u00ae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how C3 &amp; C4 sugar analysis detects honey fraud and verifies authenticity. 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